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The social model has considered the concept of emancipation in the field of social participation of people with disabilities that is less frequently investigated. This study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers of emancipation process in persons with physical disability.METHODSThis grounded theory study was conducted in the welfare originations of Tehran and Zanjan from October 2017 to September 2018. The study was conducted using semi‑structured interviews of 12 participants with physical disabilities, two family members, one nurse, one physician, and two employees of the Welfare Organization. Purposeful sampling was performed with maximum variation. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using the Strauss and Corbin 2008. The study continued until data saturation occurred.RESULTSThe analysis of the data led to the extraction of 2067 codes, 25 subcategories and 8 main categories. The study findings appeared in 4 main categories for barriers and 4 main categories for facilitators. Barrier categories include non-supportive community, unprotected interactions between family, person and self-disability. Facilitating categories includes flexible environment, supportive programs, emancipated family and individual competencies.CONCLUSIONSThere are barriers and facilitators to the process of emancipation, the most important of which are individual factors. So individual motivational interventions with physical disabilities can be effective in achieving the emancipation process.
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Background: resilience is a quality that affects an individual's ability to cope with tension. The present study was conducted to determine resilience and its contributing factors in high-risk adolescents living in residential care facilities affiliated to Tehran Welfare Organization in order to help develop effective preventive measures for them
Methods: the present descriptive study was conducted on 223 adolescents living in 15 different governmental residential care centers in 2014. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. The data required were collected via the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale with content validity [S-CVI=0.92] and a reliability of [alpha]=0.77 and r=0.83 [P<0.001]. The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS-20 using descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square test, independent t-test and ANOVA
Results: the adolescents' mean score of resilience was 84.41+/-11.01. The level of resilience was moderate in 46.2% of the participants and was significantly higher in the female than in the male adolescents [P=0.006]; moreover, the score obtained was lower in primary school children as compared to middle school and high school students [P<0.001]
Conclusion: directors of care facilities and residential care personnel should adopt preventive resilience-based strategies in order to optimize resilience among adolescents, particularly the male. It is important to provide a basis to prevent adolescents' academic failure and place a stronger value on education than the past
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of empowerment concept in some Iranian old people suffering from chronic diseases. METHODS: Concept analysis was undertaken according to the hybrid model, which consists of three phases: an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase and a final analytical phase. After an extensive review of the literature in order to describe the characteristics and definition of the concept, a fieldwork phase followed in order to empirically elucidate the empowerment concept in the Iranian old people with chronic diseases. In the third phase, attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases. Purposive sampling was done for 13 participants consisted of 7 old people with chronic diseases, 3 family caregivers of elderly adult with chronic disease and 3 health care providers with experience of care with elderly patients with chronic disease. RESULTS: The review of literature in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept, including "active participation", "informed change", "knowledge to problem solve", "self-care responsibility", "presence of client competency", and "control of health or life". Fieldwork phase determined attributes such as "awareness promotion", "sense of control", "the development of personal abilities", "autonomy", and "coping". In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated. They included "social participation", "informed change", "awareness promotion to problem solve", "presence of client competency", and "control of health or life", "autonomy", "coping" and "the development of personal abilities". CONCLUSION: The concept analysis of empowerment showed some of the required conditions for the empowerment of older people with chronic diseases in nursing care, which have not been mentioned in the literature.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Adaptation, Psychological , Aged/psychology , Aging/psychology , Attitude to Health , Chronic Disease/psychology , Iran , Models, Psychological , Power, PsychologicalABSTRACT
The authors regret that one of the coauthor's affiliation in this article was incorrectly printed.
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Psychosocial factor is considered as intermediate social determinant of health, because it has powerful effects on health especially in women. Hence deeper understanding of the mental-health process needed for its promotion. The aim of this study was to explore women's experience of the mental-health problem and related action-interactions activities to design the appropriate interventions. In-depth interviews with women 18-65 years were analyzed according to the grounded theory method. The selection of Participants was based on purposeful and theoretical sampling. In this study, a substantive theory was generated; explaining how female with the mental-health problem handled their main concern, which was identified as their effort to achieve comfort [core variable]. The other six categories are elements in this process. Daily stress as a trigger, satisfaction is the end point, marriage is the key point and action-interaction activities in this process are strengthening human essence, Developing life skills and help seeking. Better understanding the mental-health process might be useful to design the interventional program among women with mental-health problems
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Background: Resilience is a personal trait that can influence the stroke subjects' attitudes toward future opportunities and facilitate the transitional process and adaptation in them. Assessment of this trait in stroke subjects with a standardized tool would promote the rehabilitation protocols and occupational therapy interventions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to standardize the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale [CD-RISC] for Persian Iranian people who have had strokes
Methods: A descriptive observational study was adopted in order to standardize the CD-RISC in stroke population. The population was comprised of 34 female and 29 male subjects with a mean age of 51.4 +/- 10.6 years and the history of ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents. Subjects were recruited based on inclusion criteria within the period of two months between May and July of 2014. Descriptive statistics were calculated along with the Cronbach's alpha to determine reliability. Standard multiple regression analyses searched for any correlation between variables and resilience
Results: Statistical parameters revealed a mean of 58.4 +/- 15.5 for CD-RISC raw scores. Percentile ranks were also calculated from raw data. Cronbach's alpha of 0.892 revealed that the CD-RISC had high reliability for the population of this study. Multiple regression analyses showed that the functional status was the only variable that uniquely predicted subjects' resilience [beta=0.41; P<0.01]
Conclusion: The findings of this research confirmed applicability of CDRISC in Iranian people who have had strokes. The standardized CD-RISC was determined to be suitable for use in the clinic and for utilization in research studies in Iranian people status post-stroke
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In Iran, more than 25% of women suffer from mental disorders. Mental disorders and subclinical problems are associated with socioeconomic problem .At the community level, mental health promotion can reduce social damage. The aim of this study as a part of community based mental health promotion intervention was to explore how mental health in Iranian women is viewed. According to a qualitative method in 2012, participants were selected by purposeful sampling from married women 18 to 65 years who are residents in Tehran. Fifteen in depth individual interviews were conducted with regard to the concept of mental health, causal pathway and help-seeking behavior according to explanatory model. Mental health was perceived as the same of emotional well-being. It conceptualized not only lack of mental disorder but also sense of satisfaction and healthy functioning. According to participant`s view, the causal pathway of mental health problems were classified to individual, familial and social factors. Physical and behavioral problems were related to individual factor, Lack of marital adjustment was one of the most important issues in familial item and in social factor, cultural context and socio- economic problems were extracted .In help seeking process, all of the participants believed that the religion has important effect in mental health. Marital adjustment is an important stage in process of mental health in women
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Children with cerebral palsy need permanent care and attention in various stages of growth and development. The parents experience problems in taking care of these children and making them independent. This study was conducted to explore these experiences. This qualitative study was conducted in 2011-2012 using content analysis. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 19 parents of children with cerebral palsy referred to rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The data were gathered using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed inductively. Data analysis results revealed three original categories including "life with hardness" "being in ambiguity" and "need to be supported" and several subcategories including "physical strain" "psycho-emotional strain" financial burden" "restriction in social activities" "facing with anonymous" "lack of having an advisor" "need to get help from professionals and specialists" "need to have emotional- spiritual support" and "need to have help in caring the child". Parents in permanent care of children with cerebral palsy face with new and various situations consistently and experience difficulty and bewilderment because of insufficient family and social support. Further studies are needed to explore the support process of caregiver parents of these children
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Fatigue is a premature symptom in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to determine effect of the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on fatigue among patients with COPD. In this clinical trial, 36 patients were recruited among from 100 patients with COPD according to inclusion criteria in Masih Daneshvari hospital in 2010. Participants were allocated into two control and intervention groups using random block sampling. In the intervention group, the pulmonary rehabilitation program was implemented during three educational sessions in three consecutive days. Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS] before and seven weeks after discharge. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests [Independent and paired t-test, chi-square and covariance analysis]. At baseline, the mean scores of fatigue were 47.11 and 47.50 in the experimental and control groups, respectively [P=0.902]. After the intervention, the mean scores of fatigue reached 21.94 and 54.64 in the experimental and control groups, respectively [P<0.001]. According to results of the study, home-based pulmonary rehabilitation nursing could decrease fatigue in patients with COPD
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Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , RehabilitationABSTRACT
Shoulder pain is a consequence of hemiplegia among patients with stroke. It makes patient to be dependent to others in their daily living activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of the slow stroke back massage [SSBM] on shoulder pain and hand function among patients with stroke. In this semi-experimental study, 34 patients were recruited among from 70 patients who reffered to rehabilitation center in 2010, according to the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of control and experiment. In the intervention group, the SSBM was implemented for 10 minutes through seven consecutive sessions. Shoulder pain and hand function were measured using the visual pain scale [Visual Analog Scale], and the researcher-made "affected hand function in ADL" instrument, respectively. The measurement was done before and 24 hours after the last session of the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests [independent t-test and paired t-test]. At baseline, the mean scores of shoulder pain were 8.4 in both experimental and control groups [P=0.999]. After the intervention, the mean scores of shoulder pain were 1.13 and 8.40 in experimental and control groups, respectively [P<0.001]. At baseline, the mean scores of hand function were 7.46 and 8.93 in the experimental and control groups, respectively [P=0.752]. After the intervention, the mean scores of hand function reached 9.13 and 8.6 in the experimental and control groups, respectively [P=0.918]. According to the results of the study, applying the SSBM as a treatment procedure and care plan by health care providers can be considered as an effective intervention to prevent or reduce shoulder pain and consequently to improve motor function of affected hand in patients with hemiplegia after stroke
Subject(s)
Humans , Shoulder Pain/prevention & control , Shoulder Pain/therapy , Rehabilitation , Stroke/rehabilitation , Stroke/therapy , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
Introduction: Due to the close association between clinical competency and the quality of care concept, clinical competency has a special place in evaluating medical sciences students. This study was performed to investigate perceived clinical self-efficacy among students at the beginning and end of clinical education course and compare it to teachers' evaluation of students' clinical competencies
Methods: This descriptive correlational cross-sectional study performed on all students of physiotherapy [PT], occupational therapy [OT], speech therapy [ST], and social working [SW] in Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University. Data was gathered using a researcher made questionnaire distributed at two points, once at the 4[th] semester and once again at the 8[th] semester. Data was analyzed using independent t-test and variance analysis
Results: The mean of perceived clinical self-efficacy was in the range of 51-100 for students of all disciplines. The mean score of overall perceived self-efficacy of all students in all disciplines was significantly higher in the 8[th] semester compared to that of the 4[th] semester. The correlation coefficient between teachers' evaluation and students' perception from their own clinical self-efficacy was insignificant [r=0.04]
Conclusion: Students' self-evaluation of clinical competency could provide valuable and complementary information for evaluating medical sciences students. Setting educational objectives according to students' needs and faculty members' viewpoints as well as adopting qualitative strategies for educational evaluation and emphasizing on self-efficacy perception in students, may lead to qualitative improvement of educational procedures